“Landscape fire” is a term applied to any fire burning in natural and cultural landscapes, e.g. natural and planted forest, shrub, grass, pastures, agricultural lands and peri-urban areas. The number of fires and the area burned is increasing in some regions because traditional land cultivation is abandoned and people are leaving the rural villages and move to urban centers. As a consequence, an accumulation of fuels (= all combustible organic material in forests and other lands in the form of fallen leaves, needles and branches etc.) is observed because people are less and less utilizing the small woody materials for cooking and heating. On abandoned fields and pastures bush and tress are invading and making these formerly cultivated land-use systems more flammable. At the same time urban inhabitants are building weekend or summer houses in the natural vegetation, and these are highly endangered by fire. During the recent years it has been observed that an increase of extremely dry and hot weather periods around the world have created conditions for large and almost uncontrollable wildfires.